Parts of Speech - Complete Guide (Hindi-English) for Class 10 UP Board
🎓 Introduction / परिचय
English grammar ke hero hotay hain "Parts of Speech"! Ye bilkul waise hi hain jaise ek movie mein alag-alag characters hote hain – hero, villain, comedian, etc. Bas grammar ki duniya mein noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, aur interjection apna-apna kamaal dikhate hain.
Toh chaliye, bina popcorn ke shuruaat karte hain iss grammar ki blockbuster movie ka full review! (Exam ke liye 5-star rating guaranteed!)
✍️ Syllabus According to UP Board (NCERT Based)
According to Class 10 UP Board English syllabus (based on NCERT), students must know:
Definition of all 8 parts of speech
Identification of parts of speech in sentences
Transformation & use of parts of speech
Error correction and fill in the blanks using parts of speech
Practice exercises and exam-based questions
1. Noun (संज्ञा)
Definition: Noun is the name of a person, place, thing or idea. Hindi: जो कार्य, स्थान, वस्तु, भाव के नाम को noun कहते हैं।
Types:
Proper Noun (Taj Mahal)
Common Noun (boy, city)
Abstract Noun (love, bravery)
Collective Noun (team, class)
Material Noun (gold, water)
Example:
Ram is a good boy. (Ram = proper noun, boy = common noun)
Fun Tip: Agar kisi cheez ka naam le sakte ho, woh noun hai. Jaise "Samosa" bhi noun hai!
2. Pronoun (सर्वनाम)
Definition: A pronoun is a word used instead of a noun. Hindi: जो नाम की जगह लेता है, वही pronoun कहलाता है।
Types:
Personal (I, he)
Reflexive (myself)
Demonstrative (this, that)
Interrogative (who?)
Relative (who, which)
Example:
She is playing cricket. (She = pronoun)
Funny Twist: Pronoun woh dost hai jo har baar noun ki jagah duty karta hai – bina shikayat!
3. Verb (क्रिया)
Definition: A verb expresses an action or state of being. Hindi: कार्य या अवस्था को दर््शाता करने वाले शब्द को verb कहते हैं।
Types:
Main Verbs (eat, go)
Auxiliary (is, am, have)
Transitive / Intransitive
Example:
He runs fast. (Runs = verb)
Joke: Verb woh hero hai jo action karta hai. Without verb, sentence mein koi dhamaka nahi hota!
4. Adjective (विशेषणण)
Definition: An adjective describes a noun or pronoun. Hindi: जो noun ya pronoun की विशेषणा करे, वही adjective है।
Types:
Quality (good, bad)
Quantity (some, many)
Number (first, two)
Demonstrative (this, those)
Interrogative (which?)
Example:
He is a smart boy. (Smart = adjective)
Fun Line: Adjective woh filter hai jo kisi noun ko worthy bana देता है!
5. Adverb (क्रिया-विशेषण)
Definition: An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Hindi: जो verb, adjective ya adverb की विशेषणा करे, वही adverb कहलाता है।
Types:
Manner (quickly)
Time (now, yesterday)
Place (here, there)
Frequency (often)
Degree (very, too)
Example:
He speaks politely. (Politely = adverb)
Comic Note: Adverb woh masala hai jo verb mein tadka lagata hai!
6. Preposition (अनुप्रस्थावक)
Definition: A preposition shows the relation of a noun or pronoun with another word. Hindi: जो किसी noun ya pronoun का किसी अन्य शब््द के साथ संबंध दिखाए, वही preposition है।
Common Prepositions: in, on, at, with, under, over
Example:
The book is on the table. (On = preposition)
Funny Punch: Preposition woh GPS hai jo sentence mein direction batata hai!
7. Conjunction (योजक्ता)
Definition: A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses. Hindi: जो शब्दों, वाक्य्यों और क्लॉजेस को जोड़ता है, वही conjunction कहलाता है।
Common Words: and, but, or, because, although
Example:
I wanted to go, but it was raining. (But = conjunction)
LOL Line: Conjunction woh fevicol hai jo words ko chipka देता है!
8. Interjection (विस्मयोजक)
Definition: An interjection expresses sudden emotion or feeling. Hindi: जो कीता अचानक भाव को जताता है, वही interjection है।
Examples: Wow! Oh! Alas! Hey! Hurray!
Funny Note: Interjection woh emoji hai jo language mein emotions लाता है!